139 “Nor was he less conspicuous”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 248.

139 The landscape delighted: The Robert E. Lee Reader, Stanley F. Horn, ed. (Indianapolis, Ind.: Bobbs-Merrill, 1949), 58.

140 Lee busied himself: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 250.

140 “strongly occupied”: Ibid.

141 In desperation, Scott determined: Scott, Memoirs, Vol. 2, 460.

141 “the gorgeous seat”: Ibid., 466–67.

141 More important: Ibid., 469.

143 “passable for infantry”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 256.

143 Lee concluded that if the Mexicans: Peskin, Winfield Scott, 178.

144 Again serving as a kind of trailblazer: Ibid., 179.

144 Lee stayed with the artillery: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 260.

144 “screw [their] courage”: Shakespeare, Macbeth, I, vii, 59.

144 He was among the first to recognize: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 260.

145 The attacks against General Valencia’s center: Ibid., 261.

146 Lee set out at eight o’clock: Ibid., 263.

146 “drenched and sore”: Ibid., 264.

146 For several minutes: Peskin, Winfield Scott, 181.

146 “the greatest feat”: Ibid., 180.

147 The center of the Mexican position: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 267.

147 “Our troops being now hotly”: Henry Alexander White, Robert E. Lee (New York: Greenwood, 1969), 42; Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 269.

148 The fight at the fortified convent: Timothy Johnson, A Gallant Little Army: The Mexico City Campaign (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2007), 180.

148 He had lost over: Peskin, Winfield Scott, 182.

149 The general made his headquarters: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 273.

149 “on slightly elevated ground”: Ibid., 274.

150 Accompanied by two other engineering officers: Ibid., 276.

150 He spent September 9: Ibid.

151 The volunteers had been formed: Ibid., 279.

152 “wild, looting and hunting”: Peskin, Winfield Scott, 188.

153 He made his way back: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 285.

154 Lee never lost confidence: Ibid., 292.

154 No fewer than seventy-eight: Johnson, A Gallant Little Army, 291.

154 He returned home: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, 294.

CHAPTER 5 A Long Peace—1848–1860

158 The family dog Spec: Douglas Southall Freeman, Robert E. Lee: A Biography (New York: Scribner, 1934), Vol. 1, 301.

158 “After a moment’s greeting”: Robert E. Lee Jr., Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1924), 4.

158 “as much annoyance”: Ibid., 6.

158 “always petting her”: Ibid.

158 “From that early time”: Ibid.

161 He was influenced: Elizabeth Brown Pryor, Reading the Man: A Portrait of Robert E. Lee Through His Private Letters (New York: Viking, 2007), 229.

163 He felt anger: Gamaliel Bradford, Lee the American (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1927), 225.

164 “Lee not only loved”: Ibid., 214; Reverend J. William Jones, Life and Letters of Robert E. Lee: Soldier and Man (New York: Neale, 1906), 94.

164 “My heart quails within me”: Bradford, Lee the American, 212.

165 “frugal and thrifty”: Ibid.

166 Lee’s duties at the War Department: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 302.

167 As usual, his work progressed: Ibid., 306.

167 “The Cuban revolutionary junta”: Ibid.

167 Daily labor overseeing: Ibid.

169 “We must not for our own pleasure”: Robert E. Lee to Mary Lee, January 2, 1851, quoted in Emory Thomas, Robert E. Lee (New York: Norton, 1995), 148.

169 Baltimore was full of Lee: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 309.

169 The Lees participated: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 10.

169 Lee had in fact gone to a good deal: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 309.

169 Here, at last, was an area: Ibid.

169 At first his grades: Ibid., 310.

170 “deeply humiliated”: Ibid.

170 Lee wrote to his son, “Dearest Mr. Boo”: New York Times, April 14, 1918, sec. VII, 5.

171 “We came home on a Wednesday”: Robert E. Lee to G.W. C. Lee, December 28, 1851, Jones, Life and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 76–77.

172 “Nothing was needed to assure”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 314.

173 “I learn with much regret”: Henry Alexander White, Robert E. Lee (New York: Greenwood, 1969), 48.

174 “to receive a packet of socks”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 321.

175 “It was built of stone”: Lee, Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 11–12.

175 A letter he wrote to “My Precious Annie”: Ibid., 15.

176 The cadets, seeing Lee: Ibid., 13.

178 Lee was spared any such trouble: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 333.

178 Lee may have wished: Ibid., 334.

179 “I fear the Genl”: Robert E. Lee to Markie, June 29, 1854, quoted in Thomas, Robert E. Lee, 158.

179 The joke here: Allan Peskin, Winfield Scott and the Profession of Arms (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2003), 140–1.

181 “What is the excuse”: William Montgomery Meigs, The Life of Thomas Hart Benton (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1904), 429.

182 He had called Mrs. Custis “Mother”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 328.

183 “May God give you strength”: Lee, Life and Letters of Robert E. Lee, 18–19.

183 It is surely no accident: Paul Nagel, The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Family (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 252.

184 “inculcating those principles”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 325.

184 “You must not infer”: Ibid., 341.

184 Lee considered discharging cadets: Ibid., 344, n24.

184 His pride in inspecting the first graduating class: Ibid., 329.

184 She brought several of the familiar: Mary P. Coulling, The Lee Girls (Winston-Salem, N.C.: Blair, 1987), 40.

185 The grounds and gardens: Ibid., 34.

185 The board of visitors: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 347.

186 Again and again small detachments: Ibid., 348–49.

186 “with his dying breath”: Ibid., 350.

187 Lee gained nothing: Thomas, Robert E. Lee, 159.

188 The sheer tedium: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 362.

189 “These people give a world”: Freeman, Robert E. Lee, Vol. 1, 364.

189 “Yesterday I returned”: Ibid.

191 “my feelings for my country”: Robert E. Lee